More than three billion additional city-dwellers are expected to emerge in the next 40 years, driving up demand for a whole range of resources.

To manage natural resources and cope with demand, cities will have to try to attain a zero-carbon footprint and chemistry is playing its part in raising the energy efficiency of buildings to reduce demand.

Ideas include insulation which regulates indoor temperatures in buildings and zero-emission technologies for renewable power generation which can be integrated into structures.